September already! We left Chiang Mai about two weeks ago for Chiang Khong, a border town in the northeast. We crossed over the Mekong River to visit our eighth country, Laos. Upon arriving in Huay Xai, we bought tickets for the slow boat down the Mekong to Luang Prabang, a small river town and a UNESCO World Heritage site.
There were about 70 or 80 of us on the boat; it was very narrow and about 50 meters long. There were wooden benches on either side of the long aisle down the middle, and the sides were all completely open, which afforded us a great view the whole way. The scenery included lush jungle and sloping green mountains, lower and rounder than some of the more imposing peaks we saw in South America, but beautiful in the way they rose up behind the forests, shrouded in mist. There were about ten different shades of green.
Each day we spent about seven hours on the boat, with a night in the middle spent in Pak Beng, a blink-and-you’ll-miss-it village halfway to Luang Prabang. We were interested to find that the boat stopped several times each day on different spots down the river, to bring various odds and ends to remote riverside villages. During most of these stops, small children would scramble down the riverbanks to gawk at us, to wave and splash around in the river as we came and went. We could see other peopled gathered in groups, watching us from farther away. Their expressions seemed so inscrutable sometimes. As Lillie pointed out to me, it seems like the younger the person you meet, the friendlier they are, and the older generations seem openly suspicious sometimes.
In Luang Prabang, we found a really nice guesthouse right on the Mekong River. Luang Prabang is very tourist friendly and has a great night market and delicious buffet style street food area (buffet! There’s nothing Americans love more, is there?). During the day, you can wander down to this area and find numerous stands selling baguette sandwiches with whatever you want on them for 10,000 kip, about $1.25. This is perhaps the finest legacy the French left in Laos.
The most fun we had in Luang Prabang was the day we rented bicycles and decided to take them the 15 kilometers outside of town to the Tad Sae waterfall. The ride was scenic and peaceful; it rained lightly the whole time, and we were surrounded by mountains, jungle, and fields. Several times we rode through the tiniest of villages, just a few houses and stores lined up next to the road. The children in the villages must have thought we were hilarious, because they loved running in front of us, laughing, screaming sabaai–dii (hello), and giving us high fives as we rode by. I’m sure we did look funny because both of us were filthy after two hours of cycling in the rain on muddy roads.
The waterfall was stunning. I don’t think either of us expected it to be so beautiful. The water was a clear, lovely green color, and it rushed down over a vast area in small tiers, with a naturally formed swimming pool on one level. We jumped right in even though it was freezing, and spent two hours climbing up the levels and then jumping back down into the pool, sometimes on the rope swing someone had put up. It was a little scary at first because in some parts the water rushes down really forcefully, but with the right maneuvering you can climb from rock to rock, up one layer at time. We loved it there.
We left Luang Prabang and went three hours east to Nong Kiaow, a sleepy little town on the Nam Ou River, where we rented a riverside bungalow and spent a few days doing little more than relax in the hammock on the porch and watch the river float by. It was really beautiful there.
Now we are in Vang Vieng, south of Luang Prabang. We arrived via a 24 hour bus ride, and I know we’ve spent a lot of time describing bus rides, but I have to tell you about this one. Picture a school bus. We boarded and left at 7:30 am. The bus was only a quarter full, so we were pretty comfortable. The bus driver’s method for preventing a head on collision around blind curves on a very narrow road is to honk his horn several times. The first few hours aren’t so bad, but the bus doesn’t stop for a long break until 1 pm, where we rush into the bathroom. Lillie and I did not know how many times he would stop, nor did we know how to ask any questions in Lao, and since nobody on the bus spoke English, we thought it would be safest not to eat or drink anything. That way we could avoid the toilet situation altogether.
Every few minutes we stop in tiny villages along the way to pick up more passengers and cargo. At almost every stop, the young guys helping the driver loaded giant sacks of rice or other goods on to the bus; they were just placed in the aisles. I wanted to point out that blocking the aisle would make escape difficult in the event of an emergency, but I don’t know how to say that in Lao. By mid afternoon, the bus was packed full of people and rice, almost to the roof. When there are no seats left, people still board the bus, and just sit on the rice sacks. As you can imagine, the bus must have weighed about a million pounds, and we cruised at about 10 miles per hour up the steeper hills.
Despite not eating or drinking anything, by 7 pm Lillie and I both have to go again. Using a combination of sign language and desperate facial expressions, we get them to wait while we race to the toilet. A little while later a woman boards the bus and sits across from us. She is carrying a wicker basket full of live frogs, one of which later escaped. Her giant sack is right by my feet, and the string holding it closed loosens a little. Two beetles the size of mice crawl out. I resist the urge to scream like a five year old and Lillie’s eyes go wide. The guy behind her picks them up and throws them out the window. When the woman herself catches a third escapee beetle, she rips its legs off and puts it back in the bag. Later we notice a different woman eating something with her sticky rice; it looked exactly like the escaped beetles. Luckily this helped reduce our hunger. We arrived stiff and exhausted in Vang Vieng at 6 am Friday.
Lillie and I have been talking a lot about our impressions of Southeast Asia so far. It has been so strange to be confronted with situations that are in some ways so similar but in others so vastly different. I mostly mean the different contexts of poverty. All of the countries we’ve been to have some form of severe poverty. Laos is maybe the poorest of them so far. From a 2009 report, it ranks 133rd out of 182 countries on the UN’s Human Development Index, which measures a state’s well-being based on literacy, life expectancy, education, and standard of living. Laos is right above India. The U.S. ranks 13th on this list; Chile is 44th, Argentina 49th, and South Africa is 129th.
But Lillie and I were talking about how sometimes poverty here seems so different from poverty elsewhere. We couldn’t come to any conclusions, but we debated back and forth about how one would classify those families we saw living in the tiny riverside villages we passed on the boat, or the ones we saw on our bikes or on the bus. They live in rural, isolated villages in one of the poorest countries in the world, but they don’t look unhappy (at least the children certainly don’t). Their poverty doesn’t remind us of the kind we saw in big cities like La Paz, where people looked desperate to scratch out a living.
But how do you measure it? Are they poor in material wealth? Absolutely. Lacking the most basic necessities, cold and hungry? Probably not. Do they have access to adequate medical care? Probably not. Isolated? Yes. But their villages look like communities. Their houses look sturdy and fit for the elements. They farm and fish, and probably have for generations. When basic needs are met, where do issues like boredom or privacy fit in, and most importantly, how do they view their own situation?
Picture any photograph you might have seen in a magazine or newspaper of a child from an impoverished country, dirty and barefoot, wearing tattered clothes. Those photos are meant to provoke pity. But we’ve seen tons of children that fit that description exactly, and they are almost always laughing (sometimes at us), running, and playing just like any kid I know at home. The wealthiest nations of the world certainly are not full of the happiest people: look at suicide rates in the most developed countries.
Trying to define “poor” or “happy” feels to me like trying to build a car engine from a box of spare parts without any directions: I am not sure where to start, nothing seems to fit, and I don’t know what it’s supposed to look like when I’m done. It’s a tired old adage that money does not buy happiness, but the question of where happiness really does come from has been surfacing consistently over the last eight months without an answer in sight.